The term Threat or Risk Assessment can describe a general term or concept and it can be applied differently, in different settings. In business terms for example, Threat Assessment can include the assessment of risk to computer mainframes and other corporate assets.
In law enforcement/investigative terms, Threat Assessment can include considering the risk posed to a confidential informant, or when considering accepting someone into a witness protection program.
The term Threat Assessment and Management in the context of the Canadian Association of Threat Assessment Professionals (CATAP) and its Certification Program, however, is much more precise and specific:
Threat assessment and management (TAM) comprises operational activities related to the assessment and management of risk for violence, in all its forms. This involves most broadly the practice of, and research related to violence prevention through development, implementation, and evaluation of assessment and management procedures including, where applicable, the use of validated threat assessment tools. TAM is behavioural orientated and may focus on perpetrators (potential or actual) or victims of violence, on system or organizational responses to violence, or on protection of people or events as a situation develops.
As a result, the Certification Process of CATAP is intended to ensure that Certified Threat Assessment Professionals:
- Have demonstrable knowledge of the scientific and professional literature regarding the various forms of violence with which they work or are likely to encounter. Such literature includes books, chapters, journal articles, and other documents relevant to the nature of, causes of, risk factors for, and management of various forms of violence.
- Have demonstrable knowledge and sufficiently extensive training and qualification in the use of threat assessment tools that are available, specifically actuarial and structured professional judgment tools, and the ability to apply them in any given case.
- Have demonstrable extensive practical experience and expertise in TAM.
- Foundational knowledge in the assessment of, but not limited to:
- General violence
- Sexual Violence
- Stalking
- Intimate partner violence
- Foundational knowledge of, but not limited to:
- Mental Health concerns (Major Mental Illness, Psychotic Disorders, Major Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, etc.) and its relationship to violence
- Substance use and its relationship to violence
- Victim Safety planning, offender support and case management
- Do not rely solely on unaided or unstructured professional judgement when evaluative devices or procedures germane to their work exist and could be appropriately used.
- Acknowledge the limitations of unaided or unstructured professional judgment.
- Do not use evaluative devices or procedures unless trained to do so and be familiar with the professional literature regarding their reliability (consistency) and validity (accuracy).
- Are aware of and compliant with the laws, policies, standards, and other documents that guide or are relevant to the field of TAM. Are familiar with existing laws, policies, standards, and other documents, as well as any updates or changes.
It is mandatory that prospective candidates for the CTAP-C designation provide evidence of and can affirmatively answer all of the above prior to entry into the program.